一句话：提出 ecovisor，将能源系统虚拟化并向应用暴露软件定义控制，使应用能根据自身需求优化碳效率。
云平台碳排放日益严重，需更多依赖零排放但极不稳定的可再生能源。然而，当前能源系统将这种不稳定性掩盖在硬件层面，使应用无法优化碳效率（每千克碳排放的工作量）。为此，作者设计“ecovisor”，虚拟化能源系统并向应用暴露软件定义控制，使应用能按需处理清洁能源的不稳定性。作者实现小规模原型，提供应用级对电网碳强度和本地可再生能源发电的可见性，以及对服务器功耗和电池充放电的控制。评估表明，多个应用可并发使用各自的虚拟能源系统，相比通用系统级策略，能更好地优化碳效率。
Cloud platforms' rapid growth is raising significant concerns about their carbon emissions. To reduce carbon emissions, future cloud platforms will need to increase their reliance on renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, which have zero emissions but are highly unreliable. Unfortunately, today's energy systems effectively mask this unreliability in hardware, which prevents applications from optimizing their carbon-efficiency, or work done per kilogram of carbon emitted. To address the problem, we design an "ecovisor", which virtualizes the energy system and exposes software-defined control of it to applications. An ecovisor enables each application to handle clean energy's unreliability in software based on its own specific requirements. We implement a small-scale ecovisor prototype that virtualizes a physical energy system to enable software-based application-level i) visibility into variable grid carbon-intensity and local renewable generation and ii) control of server power usage and battery charging and discharging. We evaluate the ecovisor approach by showing how multiple applications can concurrently exercise their virtual energy system in different ways to better optimize carbon-efficiency based on their specific requirements compared to general system-wide policies.
@inproceedings{paperbot10036,
title = {Ecovisor: A Virtual Energy System for Carbon-Efficient Applications},
author = {Abel Souza and Noman Bashir and Jorge Murillo and Walid Hanafy and Qianlin Liang and David Irwin and Prashant Shenoy},
booktitle = {ASPLOS},
year = {2023},
doi = {10.1145/3575693.3575709}
}