一句话：提出以异构 ISA CPU 间缓存一致共享内存为第一原则的融合内核 OS 设计，原型 Stramash-Linux 在 NPB 上较最先进多内核 OS 最高加速 2.1×。
异构 ISA 平台因复杂度过高而长期缺乏软件投入：现有多内核（multikernel）OS 需要大量软件开销、变通与协调层，阻碍了更高级系统软件与硬件的发展。本文提出融合内核（fused-kernel）OS 设计，以异构 ISA CPU 间的缓存一致性共享内存为第一原则，引入一组新的内核机制，超越多内核设计。作者实现原型 Stramash-Linux 验证其可用于宏内核，并设计实现模拟器 Stramash-QEMU，在真实硬件上 profile OS 组件。评估先验证模拟器精度（平均误差低于 4%），再与最先进多内核 OS 直接对比，NPB 基准最高 2.1× 加速，并深入分析两类设计的差异与权衡。
We live in the world of heterogeneous computing. With specialised elements reaching all aspects of our computer systems and their prevalence only growing, we must act to rein in their inherent complexity. One area that has seen significantly less investment in terms of development is heterogeneous-ISA systems, specifically because of complexity. To date, heterogeneous-ISA processors have required significant software overheads, workarounds, and coordination layers, making the development of more advanced software hard, and motivating little further development of more advanced hardware. In this paper, we take a fused approach to heterogeneity, and introduce a new operating system (OS) design, the fused-kernel OS, which goes beyond the multiple-kernel OS design, exploiting cache-coherent shared memory among heterogeneous-ISA CPUs as a first principle -- introducing a set of new OS kernel mechanisms. We built a prototype fused-kernel OS, Stramash-Linux, to demonstrate the applicability of our design to monolithic OS kernels. We profile Stramash OS components on real hardware but tested them on an architectural simulator -- Stramash-QEMU, which we design and build. Our evaluation begins by validating the accuracy of our simulator, achieving an average of less than 4% errors. We then perform a direct comparison between our fused-kernel OS and state-of-the-art multiple-kernel OS designs. Results demonstrate speedups of up to 2.1× on NPB benchmarks. Further, we provide an in-depth analysis of the differences and trade-offs between fused-kernel and multiple-kernel OS designs.
@inproceedings{XingXWSRBB25,
title = {Stramash: A Fused-Kernel Operating System For Cache-Coherent, Heterogeneous-ISA Platforms},
author = {Tong Xing and Cong Xiong and Tianrui Wei and April Sanchez and Binoy Ravindran and Jonathan Balkind and Antonio Barbalace},
booktitle = {ASPLOS},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1145/3676641.3716275}
}