一句话：提出首个公开的硬件加速精确MWPM解码器Micro Blossom，将量子纠错解码延迟降至亚微秒级。
最小权重完美匹配（MWPM）解码因准确性而对量子纠错至关重要，但超导量子比特要求微秒级延迟，通常被认为难以实现。本文提出首个公开的亚微秒级 MWPM 解码器 Micro Blossom。它采用异构架构，将最先进的 MWPM 解码器划分到软件与可编程加速器之间，并为解码图的每个顶点/边配置并行处理单元。在表面码与电路级噪声模型下，该加速器以 O(d^3) 个并行单元将最坏情况延迟从 O(d^12) 降至 O(d^9)，并在 p≪1 时降低平均延迟。FPGA 原型在 d=13、p=0.1% 时以 62 MHz 时钟实现平均 0.8 μs 解码延迟，比文献中最佳 MWPM 实现短 8 倍。
Minimum-Weight Perfect Matching (MWPM) decoding is important to quantum error correction decoding because of its accuracy. However, many believe that it is difficult, if possible at all, to achieve the microsecond latency requirement posed by superconducting qubits. This work presents the first publicly known MWPM decoder, called Micro Blossom, that achieves sub-microsecond decoding latency. Micro Blossom employs a heterogeneous architecture that carefully partitions a state-of-the-art MWPM decoder between software and a programmable accelerator with parallel processing units, one of each vertex/edge of the decoding graph. On a surface code with code distance d and a circuit-level noise model with physical error rate p, Micro Blossom's accelerator employs O(d3) parallel processing units to reduce the worst-case latency from O(d12) to O(d9) and reduce the average latency from O(pd3+1) to O(p2 d2+1) when p «1. We report a prototype implementation of Micro Blossom using FPGA. Measured at d=13 and p=0.1%, the prototype achieves an average decoding latency of 0.8 μs at a moderate clock frequency of 62 MHz. Micro Blossom is the first publicly known hardware-accelerated exact MWPM decoder, and the decoding latency of 0.8 μs is 8 times shorter than the best latency of MWPM decoder implementations reported in the literature.
DOI 原文 · arXiv · PDF（开放获取） · DBLP
@inproceedings{WuL025,
title = {Micro Blossom: Accelerated Minimum-Weight Perfect Matching Decoding for Quantum Error Correction},
author = {Yue Wu and Namitha Liyanage and Lin Zhong},
booktitle = {ASPLOS},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1145/3676641.3716005}
}