一句话：提出 Machnet：仅依赖通用 vNIC 特性、基于微内核架构的公有云 VM 高性能用户态网络栈。
尽管用户态网络栈已有十年研究积累，但对在虚拟机（VM）之上开发应用的公共云租户而言，多数高性能方案仍不实用。本文指出两个根本原因：一是这些方案依赖专用网卡特性（如流导向、深缓冲），而商用云 vNIC 并不提供；二是其执行模型过于僵化，难以适配多样化的应用需求。为此作者提出 Machnet，它只使用各大云厂商普遍支持的最小 vNIC 特性集合，并采用微内核架构以支持灵活的应用执行方式。作者在三个主流公有云上、并使用键值存储、HTTP 服务器与状态机复制系统等生产级应用对 Machnet 进行了评估，并将其实现在 GitHub 上开源发布。
Despite a decade of research, most high-performance userspace network stacks remain impractical for public cloud tenants developing their applications atop Virtual Machines (VMs). We identify two root causes: (1) reliance on specialized NIC features (e.g., flow steering, deep buffers) absent in commodity cloud vNICs, and (2) rigid execution models ill-suited to diverse application needs. We present Machnet, a highperformance and flexible userspace network stack designed for public cloud VMs. Machnet uses only a minimal set of vNIC features that any major cloud provider supports. It also relies on a microkernel architecture to enable flexible application execution. We evaluate Machnet across three major public clouds and on production-grade applications, including a key-value store, an HTTP server, and a statemachine replication system. We release Machnet at https: //github.com/microsoft/machnet.
@inproceedings{SanaeeJMSSAK26,
title = {Enabling Fast Networking in the Public Cloud},
author = {Alireza Sanaee and Vahab Jabrayilov and Ilias Marinos and Farbod Shahinfar and Divyanshu Saxena and Gianni Antichi and Kostis Kaffes},
booktitle = {ASPLOS},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1145/3779212.3790158}
}