一句话：提出公平优先的设计思维方法，用于在软件架构设计中处理公平性问题，并通过研究生课程实践总结启示。
公平问题在数字系统中常被隐藏，难以检测和解决。本文提出一种公平优先的设计思维（DT）方法，支持在软件架构（SA）设计中处理公平性关切，并在研究生课程中实施：学生作为作业执行该方法的全部步骤。作者分析作业数据，反思该方法在SA中的应用及在SA教育中的教学启示。研究结果包括：（i）面向SA的DT方法；（ii）该方法在处理问题空间与解空间中公平性的启示；（iii）对教育的启示。反思表明，公平理论与情境识别对整体性的公平优先设计至关重要；作者建议使用复合视图来应对公平性等横切关注点。未来将更新课程材料，以在SA中提供端到端的公平性可追踪性，帮助学生理解如何将公平关切转化为可操作的设计决策。
Fairness issues often remain hidden in digital systems, making them difficult to detect and even more difficult to address. In this study, we introduce a fairness-first Design Thinking (DT) approach to support addressing fairness concerns in software architecture (SA) design. We implemented our approach in a graduate-level course where students executed all steps of our DT approach as part of an assignment. We analyzed the assignment data to reflect on the implications for applying the DT approach in SA and teaching the DT approach in SA education. As a result of this study, we provide (i) a DT approach for SA, (ii) implications of the DT approach on handling fairness in both problem and solution spaces, and (iii) implications for education. Our reflections highlight that fairness theory and context identification are essential for a holistic, fairness-first design. We propose the use of composite views to address cross-cutting concerns such as fairness. In the future, we will update the course material to provide end-to-end fairness traceability in SA, helping students to understand how fairness concerns can be translated into actionable design decisions.