一句话：提出 JustAct 框架，刻画由组织间策略监管且可审计的多智能体系统，并证明行动许可决策不可被后续信息推翻。
在跨组织边界的开放多智能体系统中，智能体行动须受复杂策略监管，例如医疗数据处理既要遵守通用法律，也要满足具体参与者的资源条件（如患者同意向欧盟医院共享 X 光片）。现有策略语言与分布式协议分别解决部分子问题，但哪些策略和协议真正适用于应用仍不明确。JustAct 框架刻画了一类系统：行动者用从动态策略陈述和协议中收集的充分策略信息为其行动辩护。论文证明关键性质，如当前判定某行动被允许后，之后新增陈述或更新协议都不能推翻该判定。作者用 Rocq 规约、Rust 实现特定策略语言与运行时来中介智能体通信，并通过复现 Brane 医疗数据处理系统的场景进行评估。
In open multi-agent agent systems that cross organisational boundaries, agent actions must be regulated by complex policies. Consider medical data processing systems, which must observe generic laws (e.g., EU data protection regulations) and also specific participants' resource conditions (e.g., Bob consents to sharing his X-Rays with EU hospitals). Presently, we address the implementation of these systems as distributed software. Solutions to key sub-problems are available: existing policy languages capture the necessary normative concepts and formalise the computational representation and reasoning about policies, and existing distributed algorithms and protocols coordinate agents' changing actions and policies. But which policies and protocols are useful in application? With the JustAct framework, we characterise a class of multi-agent systems where actors justify their actions with sufficient policy information collected from dynamic policy statements and agreements. We prove key properties of these systems, e.g., any decision that an action is permitted now cannot be refuted later, regardless of any added statements or updated agreements. We study a particular instance of the framework by specifying (in Rocq) and implementing (in Rust) a particular policy language and runtime system for mediating agent communications. We demonstrate and assess JustAct via a case study of this implementation: we reproduce the usage scenarios of Brane, an existing policy-regulated, inter-domain, medical data processing system.
@article{paperbot12171,
title = {JustAct: A Framework for Auditable Multi-Agent Systems Regulated by Inter-Organisational Policies},
author = {Christopher A. Esterhuyse and Tim Müller and L. Thomas van Binsbergen},
journal = {Logical Methods in Computer Science},
volume = {Volume 22, Issue 3},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.46298/lmcs-22(3:9)2026}
}