一句话：ABACI 用语义感知二分定位上游修复补丁，并通过依赖发现与 LLM 适配实现自动回溯移植。
下游 Linux 发行版（如 AnolisOS）需持续修复继承自上游的缺陷，这包含两项繁重工作：定位对应的上游修复补丁，以及将其适配并合入下游。已有方法将二者割裂处理，且受制于跨版本行为不一致——崩溃表现差异使缺陷存在性与正确补丁的判定不可靠；即便找到补丁，未解决的前置依赖与上下游代码结构分歧也令直接应用不可行。本文提出 ABACI：先以语义感知二分执行四阶段修复补丁定位，在崩溃表现各异的跨内核版本场景下仍能锁定目标补丁；随后进行收敛式回溯移植，基于状态收敛的依赖发现挖掘前置补丁并收集关联 Fixes 补丁形成自洽的补丁闭包，最后用 LLM 适配残余的代码级冲突。在 Anolis 社区 26 个真实缺陷上，补丁定位成功率达 88.5%，回溯移植成功率 91.3%，优于现有工作；ABACI 已部署于 Anolis 社区，实际修复 21 个下游内核缺陷。
Downstream Linux kernel distributions, such as AnolisOS, continuously resolve defects inherited from the upstream codebase. This process requires two labor-intensive tasks: identifying the corresponding upstream fix patches, and adapting them for successful integration into downstream. Existing approaches address these tasks in isolation and suffer from fundamental limitations. Cross-version behavioral inconsistency makes it difficult to reliably verify defect existence and localize the correct fix patch across kernel versions. Besides, even when a fix patch is identified, unresolved prerequisite dependencies and structural divergence between upstream and downstream codebases render direct application infeasible. In this work, we present ABACI, an automated tool for resolving bugs discovered in downstream kernels. ABACI performs a four-phase fix patch localization process, employing semantic-aware bisection to correctly identify the target fix patch across kernel versions despite varying crash manifestations. Then ABACI performs convergent backporting, leveraging state-convergence-based dependency discovery to find prerequisite patches and collecting associated Fixes patches to form a self-consistent patch closure, followed by LLM-based adaptation to handle residual code-level conflicts. We evaluate ABACI on 26 real-world bugs from the Anolis community. ABACI achieves a fix patch localization success rate of 88.5% and a backporting success rate of 91.3%, ourperforming state-of-the-art works. Overall, ABACI has been deployed in the Anolis community, successfully resolving 21 real-world downstream kernel bugs and demonstrating its practical effectiveness.
@inproceedings{paperbot12196,
title = {ABACI: Automated Downstream Bug Resolution via Semantic-Aware Bisection and Convergent Backporting},
author = {Runzhe Wang and Yuanhang Zhou and Qingming Su and Yong Yang and Xiaohai Shi and Tao Ma},
booktitle = {ASE},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1145/3832783.3834466}
}