一句话：基于 586 个 GitHub 仓库与 200 个链上地址、4400 万笔交易的实证研究，刻画 Solana 机器人的实现分类与链上行为指纹。
Solana 以高吞吐、低手续费著称，使得大规模提交交易成本极低，从而加剧了机器人刷量与相关金融剥削问题；而此前研究多关注系统性能、智能合约安全与个别链上现象，缺乏对机器人究竟实现了什么、这些实现又如何表现为可观测链上执行指纹的系统理解。本文从两个互补视角开展大规模实证研究：一是从 GitHub 收集的 586 个机器人仓库，二是 Solana 上 200 个机器人地址所涉及的超过 4400 万笔链上交易。研究得出一套以实现为依据的分类体系，包含 15 个类别并归入五个领域（如交易操作、MEV 与链上分析）；识别出机器人实现中普遍共享的五阶段运行流水线；并揭示不同交易平台与资产之间机器人链上交易行为的系统性差异。基于这些发现，作者给出未来研究方向以及在 Solana 上构建与运维机器人的建议。
Solana is an emerging blockchain platform designed for high throughput and low transaction fees, making it inexpensive to submit transactions at scale and, consequently, increasing exposure to bot spamming and related financial exploitation. Solana bots are typically off-chain software systems that operate in a competitive on-chain execution environment by constructing and submitting transactions, and the bot-related transactions on the decentralized exchanges exceed 250 million dollars in daily trading volume in January 2026. Prior studies on Solana have examined system performance, smart-contract security, and specific on-chain phenomena. However, we still lack a systematic understanding of what Solana bots implement in practice and how these implementations manifest as observable on-chain execution fingerprints. To address this gap, we performed a large-scale empirical study of Solana bots from two complementary views: (i) 586 bot repositories collected from GitHub, and (ii) 200 bot addresses on Solana, with over 44 million on-chain transactions. Our study derives an implementation-grounded taxonomy of Solana bots comprising 15 categories grouped into five domains (e.g., Trading Operations, MEV, and On-chain Analytics), identifies a largely shared five-stage operational pipeline manifested in bot implementations, and uncovers systematic variation in on-chain trading behaviors of Solana bots across diverse trading platforms and assets. Based on our findings, we highlight future research directions, and provide recommendations for building and operating bots on the Solana blockchain.
@inproceedings{abs-2607-28424,
title = {Demystifying Solana Bots: From GitHub Blueprints to On-Chain Fingerprints},
author = {Xiaoye Zheng and Yujing Chen and Minghao Wu and David Lo and Difan Xie and Daoyuan Wu and Xiaohu Yang and Zhiyuan Wan},
booktitle = {ASE},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1145/3832783.3837522}
}