一句话:引入与并行化对偶的 stashing 操作,证明其在 Weihrauch 格中至多产生五类度数并形成五边形,并刻画不连续问题。
论文研究 Weihrauch 格中问题的代数操作。并行化把问题提升为序列问题,要求每个分量都是实例解,并在 Weihrauch 格中形成闭包算子。作者引入对偶 stashing:同样提升为序列问题,但只要求某个分量为实例解,从而诱导内部算子。文章分析二者生成的幺半群在格上的作用,证明至多产生五个不同度数,最大情形组织成五边形;还引入用上 Turing 锥替代解的内部算子,并证明在可并行化度数上它对应 stashing。由此,同时可并行化且可 stashing 的问题有可计算性理论刻画。最后应用于不连续问题:它是若干 LLPO 变体的 stashing,其并行化得到不可计算性问题,支持“不可计算性是并行化的不连续性”。
Parallelization is an algebraic operation that lifts problems to sequences in a natural way. Given a sequence as an instance of the parallelized problem, another sequence is a solution of this problem if every component is instance-wise a solution of the original problem. In the Weihrauch lattice parallelization is a closure operator. Here we introduce a dual operation that we call stashing and that also lifts problems to sequences, but such that only some component has to be an instance-wise solution. In this case the solution is stashed away in the sequence. This operation, if properly defined, induces an interior operator in the Weihrauch lattice. We also study the action of the monoid induced by stashing and parallelization on the Weihrauch lattice, and we prove that it leads to at most five distinct degrees, which (in the maximal case) are always organized in pentagons. We also introduce another closely related interior operator in the Weihrauch lattice that replaces solutions of problems by upper Turing cones that are strong enough to compute solutions. It turns out that on parallelizable degrees this interior operator corresponds to stashing. This implies that, somewhat surprisingly, all problems which are simultaneously parallelizable and stashable have computability-theoretic characterizations. Finally, we apply all these results in order to study the recently introduced discontinuity problem, which appears as the bottom of a number of natural stashing-parallelization pentagons. The discontinuity problem is not only the stashing of several variants of the lesser limited principle of omniscience, but it also parallelizes to the non-computability problem. This supports the slogan that "non-computability is the parallelization of discontinuity".