一句话：基于英飞凌8,082条利益相关者需求与5,870条产品需求的工业数据，实证揭示汽车需求精化的差异、决策因素与映射模式。
汽车行业向软件驱动系统转型，使需求接收与精化变得既关键又复杂，但工业实践中利益相关者级需求如何被评估、精化并转化为产品级需求，尚缺乏实证认识。本文基于英飞凌的大规模工业数据集（8,082条利益相关者需求、5,870条产品需求，并附带可追溯链接、决策结果、偏差理由与领域引用），采用混合方法展开研究：定量分析需求结构、决策分布与映射模式，定性分析决策理由、被引用的规范以及软硬件相关制品。研究发现两个抽象层级之间存在系统性差异；精化复杂度主要由架构范围与上下文信息缺失驱动，而非语言表述的冗长程度。作者进一步归纳出利益相关者—产品需求映射模式的分类体系，并将其与不同的精化工作量相关联。这些结果为工业需求接收与精化实践提供了具体洞见，并指出在接收验证、偏差管理与工具支持的上下文补全方面的可操作改进机会。
The automotive industry's shift toward software-driven systems has increased complexity while raising the stakes for requirement intake and refinement—critical not only for correctness and compliance, but also for development speed and systematic reuse. While prior research has proposed techniques for improving requirement quality, there is limited empirical understanding of how stakeholder-level requirements are evaluated, refined, and transformed into product-level requirements in industrial automotive practice. This paper presents a large-scale empirical study of requirements engineering based on an industrial dataset from Infineon comprising 8,082 stakeholder requirements and 5,870 product requirements, enriched with traceability links, decision outcomes, deviation rationales, and domain references. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative analyses of requirement structures, decision distributions, and mapping patterns with qualitative analysis of rationales and referenced specifications, and software- and hardware-related artifacts, we investigate structural and contextual differences between stakeholder and product requirements, factors influencing acceptance, rejection, and approval with deviation, and the nature of stakeholder-to-product requirement refinement. The results reveal systematic differences across abstraction levels and show that refinement complexity is driven primarily by architectural scope and missing contextual information rather than linguistic verbosity. We further derive a taxonomy of stakeholder–product requirement mapping patterns and relate them to differing refinement effort. These findings provide concrete insights into industrial requirements intake and refinement practices and highlight actionable opportunities for improving intake validation, deviation management, and tool-supported contextual enrichment to support faster and more reusable automotive product development.
@inproceedings{abs-2607-05632,
title = {Bridging Stakeholder and Product Requirements: An Empirical Study of Requirement Engineering in the Automotive Industry},
author = {Zixu Wang and Shengcheng Yu and Zhenchang Xing and Tobias Wenzel and Chunyang Chen},
booktitle = {ASE},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1145/3832783.3834456}
}