一句话：报告新手在已掌握一门语言后学习另一门（函数式）语言时遇到的困难，尤其是持续性问题。
本文关注一个常见的教学场景：新手编程学生已经掌握一门编程语言，却仍需学习另一门语言。作者特别聚焦于一门或两门语言均为函数式语言的情形，并从语法与语义两个维度刻画语言差异。作为经验报告，文章系统梳理了学生在语言切换过程中遇到的各种问题，尤其强调了那些反复出现、不易消除的持续性问题。该工作对教育实践者有直接参考价值，同时也为后续研究提出了可探索的方向。
When novice programming students already know one programming language and have to learn another, what issues do they run into? We specifically focus on one or both languages being functional, varying along two axes: syntax and semantics. We report on problems, especially persistent ones. This work can be of immediate value to educators and also sets up avenues for future research.
@article{paperbot1926,
title = {What Happens When Students Switch (Functional) Languages (Experience Report)},
author = {Kuang-Chen Lu and Shriram Krishnamurthi and Kathi Fisler and Ethel Tshukudu},
journal = {Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages},
volume = {7},
number = {ICFP},
year = {2023},
doi = {10.1145/3607857}
}