Call-By-Push-Value has famously subsumed both call-by-name and call-by-value by decomposing programs along the axis of “values” versus “computations.” Here, we introduce Call-By-Unboxed-Value which further decomposes programs along an orthogonal axis separating “atomic” versus “complex.” As the name suggests, these two dimensions make it possible to express the representations of values as boxed or unboxed, so that functions pass unboxed values as inputs and outputs. More importantly, Call-By-Unboxed-Value allows for an unrestricted mixture of polymorphism and unboxed types, giving a foundation for studying compilation techniques for polymorphism based on representation irrelevance . In this regard, we use Call-By-UnboxedValue to formalize representation polymorphism independently of types; for the first time compiling untyped representation-polymorphic code, while nonetheless preserving types all the way to the machine.

@article{Downen24,
  title = {Call-by-Unboxed-Value},
  author = {Paul Downen},
  journal = {Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages},
  volume = {8},
  number = {ICFP},
  year = {2024},
  doi = {10.1145/3674654}
}