When a program synthesis task starts from an ambiguous specification, the synthesis process often involves an iterative specification refinement process. We introduce the Programming by Navigation Synthesis Problem, a new synthesis problem adapted specifically for supporting iterative specification refinement in order to find a particular target solution. In contrast to prior work, we prove that synthesizers that solve the Programming by Navigation Synthesis Problem show all valid next steps ( Strong Completeness ) and only valid next steps ( Strong Soundness ). To meet the demands of the Programming by Navigation Synthesis Problem, we introduce an algorithm to turn a type inhabitation oracle (in the style of classical logic) into a fully constructive program synthesizer.We then define such an oracle via sound compilation to Datalog. Our empirical evaluation shows that this technique results in an efficient Programming by Navigation synthesizer that solves tasks that are either impossible or too large for baselines to solve. Our synthesizer is the first to guarantee that its specification refinement process satisfies both Strong Completeness and Strong Soundness .

@article{paperbot3106,
  title = {Programming by Navigation},
  author = {Justin Lubin and Parker Ziegler and Sarah E. Chasins},
  journal = {Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages},
  volume = {9},
  number = {PLDI},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.1145/3729264}
}