一句话：提出可扩展的量子门虚拟化系统，通过虚拟电路IR、编译器与运行时在小型含噪QPU上高保真执行大规模量子电路。
论文针对大规模量子电路难以在规模小且含噪的量子处理器上高保真执行的问题，提出端到端通用系统 QVM。其核心是门虚拟化：定义虚拟电路中间表示，将量子电路扩展为可包含虚拟门；QVM 编译器以该 IR 为基础，通过一系列模块化优化 pass 将虚拟电路转译为优化后的电路片段；QVM 运行时则在多个 QPU 上并行虚拟化并执行这些片段。作者在 IBM 的 7 和 27 比特 QPU 上评估，结果显示可执行比特数最多达单个 QPU 比特数的两倍，平均保真度较更大 QPU 提升 4.7 倍，并将电路深度降至原来的 40%。
We present the Quantum Gate Virtualization Machine (QVM), an end-to-end generic system for scalable execution of large quantum circuits with high fidelity on noisy and small quantum processors (QPUs) by leveraging gate virtualization. QVM exposes a virtual circuit intermediate representation (IR) that extends the notion of quantum circuits to incorporate gate virtualization. Based on the virtual circuit as our IR, we propose the QVM compiler—an extensible compiler infrastructure to transpile a virtual circuit through a series of modular optimization passes to produce a set of optimized circuit fragments. Lastly, these transpiled circuit fragments are executed on QPUs using our QVM runtime—a scalable and parallel infrastructure to virtualize and execute circuit fragments on a set of QPUs. We evaluate QVM on IBM’s 7- and 27-qubit QPUs. Our evaluation shows that our approach allows for the execution of circuits with up to double the number of qubits compared to the qubit-count of a QPU, while improving fidelity by 4.7 × on average compared to larger QPUs and that we can effectively reduce circuit depths to only 40 % of the original circuit depths.
@article{paperbot3149,
title = {QVM: Quantum Gate Virtualization Machine},
author = {Nathaniel Tornow and Emmanouil Giortamis and Pramod Bhatotia},
journal = {Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages},
volume = {9},
number = {PLDI},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1145/3729290}
}