一句话:证明全切换策略改进中边是否被切换与最优策略问题均为 PSPACE 完全,覆盖多类图博弈。
策略改进是求解图基无限博弈的常用算法,由切换规则参数化;“全切换”规则每轮尽可能多地切换边。论文从计算复杂性角度研究该规则,定义两个判定问题:给定博弈 G、初始策略 s 和边 e,e 在运行中是否曾被切换,以及 e 是否出现在最终最优策略中。作者通过复杂性归约证明,在奇偶博弈的 Vöge–Jurdziński 离散策略改进、平均支付博弈的 gain-bias、折扣支付博弈和简单随机博弈的标准策略改进等设定下,这两个问题均为 PSPACE 完全;立方体上无环唯一汇定向的 bottom-antipodal 算法中类似问题也为 PSPACE 完全。
Strategy improvement is a widely-used and well-studied class of algorithms for solving graph-based infinite games. These algorithms are parameterized by a switching rule, and one of the most natural rules is "all switches" which switches as many edges as possible in each iteration. Continuing a recent line of work, we study all-switches strategy improvement from the perspective of computational complexity. We consider two natural decision problems, both of which have as input a game $G$, a starting strategy $s$, and an edge $e$. The problems are: 1.) The edge switch problem, namely, is the edge $e$ ever switched by all-switches strategy improvement when it is started from $s$ on game $G$? 2.) The optimal strategy problem, namely, is the edge $e$ used in the final strategy that is found by strategy improvement when it is started from $s$ on game $G$? We show $\mathtt{PSPACE}$-completeness of the edge switch problem and optimal strategy problem for the following settings: Parity games with the discrete strategy improvement algorithm of V\"oge and Jurdzi\'nski; mean-payoff games with the gain-bias algorithm [14,37]; and discounted-payoff games and simple stochastic games with their standard strategy improvement algorithms. We also show $\mathtt{PSPACE}$-completeness of an analogous problem to edge switch for the bottom-antipodal algorithm for finding the sink of an Acyclic Unique Sink Orientation on a cube.