We present Citrus, an embedded DSL in the dependently-typed language Agda that formalizes high-level abstractions for specifying and reasoning about superconducting electronics (SCE) circuits. We build on the existing PyLSE language, a Python DSL for writing SCE programs that provides facilities for simulating designs and for verification via model-checking (by compiling its basic structures into Timed Automata). Citrus expands on the verification capabilities of PyLSE by defining equivalence over SCE gates, as well as corresponding equational reasoning lemmas, and providing a toolbox of functional combinators for designing and analyzing larger circuits. The formalization enables a large increase in expressivity, specifically in the form of algebraic reasoning about SCE designs. We evaluate Citrus using two sets of case studies. In the first, we establish several equational laws which are often used by SCE designers but have yet to be formally proven. In the second, we prove a verification task which the PyLSE language was unable to prove due to the state space explosion inherent in its model checking approach. In this way, Citrus provides a simple functional programming language, equivalent to PyLSE, with increased verification capabilities.

@article{paperbot3663,
  title = {Citrus: Algebraic Reasoning about Superconductor Electronics},
  author = {Harlan Kringen and Timothy Sherwood and Ben Hardekopf},
  journal = {Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages},
  volume = {10},
  number = {ICFP},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1145/3828690}
}