一句话：刻画可乐观复制且不中止调用的对象类型ORDT，证明其覆盖CRDT，并给出高效协议Frashokereti。
乐观复制对象能避免协调、提升响应性和可用性，但并发操作会引发冲突，导致副本状态发散或完整性受损，现有方法往往诉诸悲观协调或中止调用。本文刻画了ORDT（乐观复制数据类型）：能够在不中止调用的前提下实现收敛与完整性的可乐观复制对象。作者证明ORDT涵盖CRDT以及变换后的关系模式，并给出将对象转换为ORDT的技术；同时证明超出ORDT范围的对象其乐观复制必然中止且问题是NP-完全的。进一步，论文提出面向ORDT的乐观复制协议Frashokereti，利用静态决定的顺序高效地对调用进行排序，并证明该协议对任意ORDT都是可靠的，即保持乐观、非中止、收敛、完整性与活性。实验结果表明Frashokereti显著优于先前的乐观协议。
Optimistic replication of objects avoids coordination and brings higher responsiveness and availability. However, when clients issue concurrent operations, conflicts naturally arise which can lead the replicated states to diverge or lose integrity. When conflicts occur, existing approaches resort to pessimism or abortion. This paper characterizes ORDTs (Optimistically Replicated Data Types), objects that can be optimistically replicated with convergence and integrity, and without aborting calls. It shows that ORDTs subsume CRDTs and transformed relational schema, and presents techniques to convert objects to ORDTs. It further proves that optimistic replication for objects that fall out of ORDTs is aborting and NP-Complete. Further, it presents an optimistic replication protocol for ORDTs called Frashokereti . It uses a statically decided order to efficiently order calls. The paper proves that Frashokereti is sound for every ORDT, i.e., Frashokereti is optimistic and non-aborting, and preserves convergence, integrity, and liveness properties. Experimental results show that Frashokereti significantly outperforms previous optimistic protocols.
@article{paperbot3795,
title = {Frashokereti: Non-aborting Optimistically Replicated Objects},
author = {Eric Man Chan and Javad Saberlatibari and Mohsen Lesani},
journal = {Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages},
volume = {10},
number = {OOPSLA1},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1145/3798269}
}