We present GenJAX, a new language and compiler for vectorized programmable probabilistic inference. GenJAX integrates the vectorizing map (vmap) operation from array programming frameworks such as JAX into the programmable inference paradigm, enabling compositional vectorization of features such as probabilistic program traces, stochastic branching (for expressing mixture models), and programmable inference interfaces for writing custom probabilistic inference algorithms. We formalize vectorization as a source-to-source program transformation on a core calculus for probabilistic programming ( λ GEN ), and prove that it correctly vectorizes both modeling and inference operations. We have implemented our approach in the GenJAX language and compiler, and have empirically evaluated this implementation on several benchmarks and case studies. Our results show that our implementation supports a wide and expressive set of programmable inference patterns and delivers performance comparable to hand-optimized JAX code.

@article{paperbot3907,
  title = {Probabilistic Programming with Vectorized Programmable Inference},
  author = {McCoy R. Becker and Mathieu Huot and George Matheos and Xiaoyan Wang and Karen Chung and Colin Smith and Sam Ritchie and Rif A. Saurous and Alexander K. Lew and Martin C. Rinard and Vikash K. Mansinghka},
  journal = {Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages},
  volume = {10},
  number = {POPL},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1145/3776729}
}