一句话：从指令级分析3D打印机能耗，提出跨指令集、编译器与固件的优化方案，整体能耗降低25%。
3D打印正成为新一代制造驱动力，并在便携电池供电场景中受限于有限能量预算，降低制造能耗对工业可持续性与国民经济至关重要。本文从指令级视角深入分析商用现成3D打印机的能耗，构建指令级能耗模型与能耗分析器，用以剖析制造过程中的能耗开销。基于分析器获得的洞察，作者提出并实现跨层能耗优化方案3DGates，覆盖指令集、编译器与固件三个层面。在3D打印机上使用338个基准测试进行评估，结果表明3DGates可实现总体能耗降低25%。
As the next-generation manufacturing driven force, 3D printing technology is having a transformative effect on various industrial domains and has been widely applied in a broad spectrum of applications. It also progresses towards other versatile fields with portable battery-powered 3D printers working on a limited energy budget. While reducing manufacturing energy is an essential challenge in industrial sustainability and national economics, this growing trend motivates us to explore the energy consumption of the 3D printer for the purpose of energy efficiency. To this end, we perform an in-depth analysis of energy consumption in commercial, off-the-shelf 3D printers from an instruction-level perspective. We build an instruction-level energy model and an energy profiler to analyze the energy cost during the fabrication process. From the insights obtained by the energy profiler, we propose and implement a cross-layer energy optimization solution, called 3DGates, which spans the instruction-set, the compiler and the firmware. We evaluate 3DGates over 338 benchmarks on a 3D printer and achieve an overall energy reduction of 25%.