一句话:研究带代价的延迟无限博弈,证明其获胜判定为 EXPTIME 完全,并刻画延迟与策略质量间的权衡。
本文研究在无限博弈的定量获胜条件中加入延迟机制的作用。延迟博弈允许一方推迟行动以获得对对手的预读。作者针对获胜条件由带代价奇偶自动机给出的延迟博弈,证明判定获胜者为 EXPTIME 完全,且指数有界预读既充分又一般为必要。结果显示,带代价奇偶条件虽为奇偶条件的定量扩展,但加入代价并未提高带奇偶条件延迟博弈的复杂度。文章还揭示定量延迟博弈中的新现象:预读可与获胜策略质量互换,并确定其权衡范围;即使最小预读也能将最优策略质量从最差提升到接近最优。因此预读既能让推迟方赢得原本会输的博弈,也能改进其获胜策略质量。
We demonstrate the usefulness of adding delay to infinite games with quantitative winning conditions. In a delay game, one of the players may delay her moves to obtain a lookahead on her opponent's moves. We show that determining the winner of delay games with winning conditions given by parity automata with costs is EXPTIME-complete and that exponential bounded lookahead is both sufficient and in general necessary. Thus, although the parity condition with costs is a quantitative extension of the parity condition, our results show that adding costs does not increase the complexity of delay games with parity conditions. Furthermore, we study a new phenomenon that appears in quantitative delay games: lookahead can be traded for the quality of winning strategies and vice versa. We determine the extent of this tradeoff. In particular, even the smallest lookahead allows to improve the quality of an optimal strategy from the worst possible value to almost the smallest possible one. Thus, the benefit of introducing lookahead is twofold: not only does it allow the delaying player to win games she would lose without, but lookahead also allows her to improve the quality of her winning strategies in games she wins even without lookahead.