一句话:证明 Clifford+T 的 ZX 演算公理对线性图完备,并只需增加一条非线性公理即可完备于纯 qubit 量子力学。
ZX 演算是量子力学与量子信息论中用于图解推理的图形语言,其公理系统已被证明对近似通用片段 Clifford+T 完备。本文研究该公理系统在 Clifford+T 之外、即纯 qubit 量子力学中的表达能力。作者利用图式的线性性(反映 ZX 演算的相位群结构)证明:Clifford+T 的公理系统对所有涉及线性图的等式仍然完备;但该公理系统在一般情况下并不完备。进一步地,他们证明只需添加一条非线性公理即可补全,从而给出比 Ng 与 Wang 近期提出的纯量子力学 ZX 演算更简单的公理化。
The ZX-Calculus is a graphical language for diagrammatic reasoning in quantum mechanics and quantum information theory. An axiomatisation has recently been proven to be complete for an approximatively universal fragment of quantum mechanics, the so-called Clifford+T fragment. We focus here on the expressive power of this axiomatisation beyond Clifford+T Quantum mechanics. We consider the full pure qubit quantum mechanics, and mainly prove two results: (i) First, the axiomatisation for Clifford+T quantum mechanics is also complete for all equations involving some kind of linear diagrams. The linearity of the diagrams reflects the phase group structure, an essential feature of the ZX-calculus. In particular all the axioms of the ZX-calculus are involving linear diagrams. (ii) We also show that the axiomatisation for Clifford+T is not complete in general but can be completed by adding a single (non linear) axiom, providing a simpler axiomatisation of the ZX-calculus for pure quantum mechanics than the one recently introduced by Ng&Wang.