一句话：通过对 Pharo 等实时编程环境中的编程会话进行实证研究，揭示实时特性如何影响开发者的工作与导航。
实时编程环境让程序员在修改软件时即时获得反馈，其活跃度正受到工业界和开源社区关注，已有多种 IDE 提供高度实时性。然而，以往关于软件演化任务中程序员工作方式的研究都未考虑实时环境。本文基于对实践者使用成熟实时编程环境 Pharo 的 17 次编程会话分析开展研究，并辅以问卷调查以及对 JavaScript 等其他语言的 16 次编程会话分析。研究记录了开发者采取的工作方式，发现某些实时特性被广泛使用，并影响开发者浏览源代码与对象的方式。
Live Programming environments allow programmers to get feedback instantly while changing software. Liveness is gaining attention among industrial and open-source communities; several IDEs offer high degrees of liveness. While several studies looked at how programmers work during software evolution tasks, none of them consider live environments. We conduct such a study based on an analysis of 17 programming sessions of practitioners using Pharo, a mature Live Programming environment. The study is complemented by a survey and subsequent analysis of 16 programming sessions in additional languages, e.g., JavaScript. We document the approaches taken by developers during their work. We find that some liveness features are extensively used, and have an impact on the way developers navigate source code and objects in their work.