一句话：提出首个LLM驱动的函数级协议规范到代码映射框架，支持细粒度一致性检查并发现真实不一致。
协议规范（RFC）到实现的映射多依赖人工且仅到文件级，难以支持函数级一致性检查。Spec2Code 是首个 LLM 驱动的细粒度映射框架：先提取结构化规范需求与函数级代码表示及依赖上下文；再用相关性过滤和聚类组织缩减候选对；最后对候选 SR-函数对做约束级匹配，判定完全、部分或无关。在 HTTP、TLS、BFD 的真实实现（Apache Httpd、Nginx、OpenSSL、BoringSSL、FRRouting、BIRD）上，其精确率、召回率和 F1 较四个基线最多提升 49%、66%、66%，并恢复 16 个已知不一致、发现 11 个新不一致，5 个获开发者确认。
Protocol specifications, defined in Request for Comments (RFCs), play a critical role in ensuring the correctness of protocol software systems. To check consistency, specification–implementation pairs are essential for testing and verification. However, existing efforts in specification-to-code mapping remain largely manual and are typically limited to the file level, lacking the fine-grained granularity needed for function-level analysis, which is crucial for effective consistency checking. To address this gap, we present Spec2Code, the first LLM-driven framework that automates fine-grained mapping from protocol specifications to function implementations.Given a RFC document and a protocol codebase, Spec2Code first performs preprocessing to extract structured specification requirements (SRs) and function-level code representations, along with contextual and dependency information. To ensure scalability, Spec2Code employs a two-stage process comprising relevance filtering and clustering-based SR organization to reduce the candidate pairs. For accuracy, Spec2Code performs fine-grained constraint-level matching on each candidate SR–function pair using LLMs, leveraging enriched context to determine whether a function fully, partially, or does not relate to an SR.We evaluate Spec2Code on real-world implementations of HTTP, TLS and BFD protocols, including Apache Httpd, Nginx, OpenSSL, BoringSSL, FRRouting, and BIRD. Experimental results show that Spec2Code outperforms four state-of-the-art baselines, achieving up to 49%, 66%, and 66% improvement in precision, recall, and F1, respectively. Additionally, Spec2Code successfully recovers the mappings for 16 known inconsistency bugs and discovers 11 previously unreported inconsistencies using an integrated lightweight consistency verifier, 5 of which have been confirmed by project developers.
DOI 原文 ·
@inproceedings{paperbot9238,
title = {Spec2Code: Mapping Protocol Specification to Function-Level Code Implementation},
author = {Yuekun Wang and Lili Quan and Xiaofei Xie and Junjie Wang and Jianjun Chen},
booktitle = {ASE},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1109/ase63991.2025.00174}
}