一句话：揭示量子软件中经典抽象与量子物理约束的根本冲突，并提出面向量子语义的安全抽象设计原则。
经典软件工程依靠抽象实现模块化、复用与可扩展性，但量子程序遵循幺正性、纠缠、不可克隆定理和测量破坏性等语义，使语法上合法的抽象可能违反量子物理约束。本文指出量子软件工程中的这一根本冲突，给出三类朴素抽象破坏量子语义的失败案例，并提出一组物理上可靠的抽象机制设计原则。作者进一步提出量子专用类型系统、效应标注和基于契约的模块设计等研究方向，旨在从量子语义出发、兼顾工程可扩展性，系统性地重新思考量子编程中的抽象。
Abstraction is a fundamental principle in classical software engineering, which enables modularity, reusability, and scalability. However, quantum programs adhere to fundamentally different semantics, such as unitarity, entanglement, the no-cloning theorem, and the destructive nature of measurement, which introduce challenges to the safe use of classical abstraction mechanisms. This paper identifies a fundamental conflict in quantum software engineering: abstraction practices that are syntactically valid may violate the physical constraints of quantum computation. We present three classes of failure cases where naive abstraction breaks quantum semantics and propose a set of design principles for physically sound abstraction mechanisms. We further propose research directions, including quantum-specific type systems, effect annotations, and contract-based module design. Our goal is to initiate a systematic rethinking of abstraction in quantum programming, based on quantum semantics and considering engineering scalability.
DOI 原文 ·
@inproceedings{paperbot9542,
title = {When Abstraction Breaks Physics: Rethinking Modular Design in Quantum Software},
author = {Jianjun Zhao},
booktitle = {ASE},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1109/ase63991.2025.00336}
}