一句话：通过实证分析指出量子程序测试中基于测量的输出验证存在局限，并比较其与基于态向量的验证。
随着量子计算发展，量子程序质量保障日益重要。现有量子程序测试方法在实践中大多依赖基于测量的输出验证，但量子程序固有的概率性使这类方法存在显著局限。本文对近期量子程序测试研究进行实证分析，将基于测量的验证分为分布级验证与输出值级验证两类，并系统比较其与基于态向量（statevector）的验证方法。结果表明，基于测量的验证适合判断特定输出值是否存在等简单任务，而基于态向量的验证在评估程序行为等复杂任务上更有效。研究为量子程序测试中输出验证方法的选择与改进提供了依据。
As quantum computing continues to emerge, ensuring the quality of quantum programs has become increasingly critical. Quantum program testing has emerged as a prominent research area within the scope of quantum software engineering. While numerous approaches have been proposed to address quantum program quality assurance, our analysis reveals that most existing methods rely on measurement-based validation in practice. However, due to the inherently probabilistic nature of quantum programs, measurement-based validation methods face significant limitations.To investigate these limitations, we conducted an empirical study of recent research on quantum program testing, analyzing measurement-based validation methods in the literature. Our analysis categorizes existing measurement-based validation methods into two groups: distribution-level validation and output-value-level validation. We then compare measurement-based validation with statevector-based validation methods to evaluate their pros and cons. Our findings demonstrate that measurement-based validation is suitable for straightforward assessments, such as verifying the existence of specific output values, while statevector-based validation proves more effective for complicated tasks such as assessing the program behaviors.
@inproceedings{paperbot9549,
title = {Is Measurement Enough? Rethinking Output Validation in Quantum Program Testing},
author = {Jiaming Ye and Xiongfei Wu and Shangzhou Xia and Fuyuan Zhang and Jianjun Zhao},
booktitle = {ASE},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1109/ase63991.2025.00324}
}