一句话：首次系统研究 RFC 逻辑歧义，并提出基于 LLM 的可扩展检测框架，发现 31 处新歧义。
互联网协议以 IETF RFC 形式发布，其中的逻辑歧义（不一致与欠规范）会导致实现错误，但现有工具难以检测。本文首先系统分析过去 11 年 Standards Track RFC 的已验证技术勘误，归纳出七类逻辑歧义。在此基础上提出 RFCScope：一个基于大语言模型的可扩展检测框架，通过构建跨文档上下文、保持语义完整性的规范切分、面向缺陷类型的提示以及结构化推理验证来减少误报。RFCScope 在 14 个近期 RFC 中发现 31 个新逻辑歧义，覆盖全部七类；其中 8 个获作者确认，3 个被正式验证为技术勘误。
Internet protocol specifications, published as Requests for Comments (RFCs) by the IETF organization, are essential to ensuring the interoperability, security, and reliability of the Internet. However, ambiguities in these specifications, particularly logical ambiguities such as inconsistencies and under-specifications, can lead to critical misinterpretations and implementation errors. Unfortunately, such ambiguities remain largely overlooked and challenging to detect with existing tools.In this paper, we present the first systematic study of verified technical errata from Standards Track RFCs over the past 11 years, identifying seven distinct subtypes of logical ambiguities. Building on these insights, we introduce RFCScope, the first scalable framework for detecting logical ambiguities in RFCs. RFCScope employs large language models (LLMs) through a modular pipeline that constructs targeted cross-document context, partitions specifications to preserve semantic integrity, applies bug-type-aware prompts for detection, and filters out false positives using structured reasoning validation.RFCScope uncovers 31 new logical ambiguities spanning all seven subtypes across 14 recent RFCs. Eight of these have been confirmed by RFC authors, with three officially verified as technical errata. Our results demonstrate that RFCScope offers a practical solution for improving the clarity, consistency, and reliability of protocol standards through ambiguity detection.
DOI 原文 ·
@inproceedings{paperbot9558,
title = {RFCScope: Detecting Logical Ambiguities in Internet Protocol Specifications},
author = {Mrigank Pawagi and Lize Shao and Hyeonmin Lee and Yixin Sun and Wenxi Wang},
booktitle = {ASE},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1109/ase63991.2025.00106}
}