一句话:评述一本以 Scheme/R7RS 讲授函数式算法与数据结构的教材,指出其抽象层次高但回避效率分析。
本文是对 John David Stone《Algorithms for Functional Programming》的述评。该书源于作者在 Grinnell 学院以 Scheme 授课的经验,先介绍 R7RS Scheme 与自建原语,再构建 coupler、adapter、fold 等抽象,继而用序对/列表实现列表、流、树、集合、表、队列等数据结构,并讨论多种排序、组合构造(笛卡尔积、子序列、排列与划分及 ranking/unranking)、图算法(DFS/BFS、最短路、最大流)和子串搜索(KMP、Boyer-Moore)。书评认为“组合构造”一章最成功,但全书对效率分析出奇克制,几乎不谈渐进复杂度;在纯函数式风格下处理图与字符串搜索也较吃力。
Many textbooks start out as informal notes for university courses, refined through repeated offerings.The book under review came out of the author's experiences as a lecturer at an American liberal-arts college, Grinnell, where the first course in computation used Scheme for many years.The first chapter, "Essential Notations", rapidly introduces many features of R7RS Scheme and its libraries, augmented by some primitives written by the author.The next chapter, "The Tool Box", presents or builds a host of abstractions, such as couplers, adapters, and recursion managers (e.g., folds), which are used extensively in the rest of the text.The ambition of this book can be seen in the topic lists for the next two chapters."Data Structures" covers lists, sources (streams without caching, which would necessitate mutation), trees, bushes (rose trees), bags, sets, tables, and buffers (queues), all implemented mostly using pairs and lists (occasionally records)."Sorting" covers insertion sort, selection sort, quicksort, mergesort, binary search trees, treesort, red-black trees (both insertion and deletion), pairing heaps, and order statistics.Considering that the word "Algorithms" is in the title, the book is surprisingly shy about discussing efficiency.Linear time appears briefly; the phrase "proportional to" is used a few times, and "logarithm" only once, in reference to running times.I understand the reluctance; order notation and the proper use of recurrences for analysis of running time are nettles that one hesitates to grasp.They can be avoided in a first course, but only barely, and without them, the motivation for many of these more advanced topics becomes much more difficult.The next chapter, "Combinatorial Constructions", is possibly the most successful, perhaps because it is rich with helper functions and examples, and topics not usually covered: Cartesian products, subsequences and selections (subsets and combinations, but of an ordered list), and finally permutations and partitions, all with ranking and unranking (going from a numerical index to an element of the full answer and vice versa).In the last two chapters, the author's principled insistence on purity and layers of abstraction is at odds with the material."Graphs" presents depth-first and breadth-first traversal, spanning trees, shortest paths (Bellman-Ford, Dijkstra, and Floyd-Warshall), and maximum flow (Ford-Fulkerson)."Sublist Search" is chiefly concerned with Knuth-Morris-Pratt and Boyer-Moore string search.These are topics for which pure functional programming does not have a good story.One should be willing to sacrifice efficiency for
@article{Ragde20,
title = {Review of “Algorithms for Functional Programming” by John David Stone, Springer-Verlag, 2018},
author = {PRABHAKAR RAGDE},
journal = {Journal of Functional Programming},
volume = {30},
year = {2020},
doi = {10.1017/s0956796820000179}
}