The decidability and complexity of reachability problems and model-checking for flat counter machines have been explored in detail. However, only few results are known for flat (lossy) FIFO machines, only in some particular cases (a single loop or a single bounded expression). We prove, by establishing reductions between properties, and by reducing SAT to a subset of these properties that many verification problems like reachability, non-termination, unboundedness are NP-complete for flat FIFO machines, generalizing similar existing results for flat counter machines. We also show that reachability is NP-complete for flat lossy FIFO machines and for flat front-lossy FIFO machines. We construct a trace-flattable system of many counter machines communicating via rendez-vous that is bisimilar to a given flat FIFO machine, which allows to model-check the original flat FIFO machine. Our results lay the theoretical foundations and open the way to build a verification tool for (general) FIFO machines based on analysis of flat sub-machines.

@article{FinkelP20,
  title = {Verification of Flat FIFO Systems},
  author = {Alain Finkel and M. Praveen},
  journal = {Logical Methods in Computer Science},
  volume = {Volume 16, Issue 4},
  year = {2020},
  doi = {10.23638/lmcs-16(4:4)2020}
}